The movement for the creation and consolidation of ikastolas has
played a major role in training new Basque-speakers and in the development and consolidation of the language. The ikastolas, or
Basque-language schools, were first created in the 1960s. During
this initial stage, they were first banned and then occupied a legal
limbo. The numbers grew gradually and by 1976, there were federations
of ikastolas in all provinces. Over the years, their concern for
educational quality and improvement have been widely recognised
and they have won numerous awards. Their style of work and the
fact that they are a social initiative, involving parents, pupils, teachers
and the local town as a whole, make them an interesting
example of a collective effort to revive Basque culture.
302. In 1978, the Diocesan Federation of Ikastolas, created in 1969,
became a lay organisation, and federations were created in Alava,
Biscay, Gipuzkoa, Iparralde (the Northern Basque Country) and
Navarre. These later came together to form the Confederation of
Ikastolas of the Basque Country (1987). Antonio Campos played a
crucial role in this process. 303. In October 1980, the Basque Ministry of Education signed the
Ikastola Accord with the Spanish Ministry for Education and Science.
The agreement regulated 1,738 classrooms already providing
education in Basque in the Basque Autonomous Community. 304. In 1993 the Basque Public School Act allowed most ikastolas
to join the public network. Some, however, chose to remain private. 305. The ikastolas have pioneered educational improvements, and
their demand for text books has fuelled a boom in the publishing
industry, first for translations (Santillana, Kosmos) and then for original
texts such as Saioka and Gordailu as well as reference books,
such as Margo Ederdun Entziklopedia. 306. The Confederation of Ikastolas of the Basque Country currently
includes the Federations of Alava (9 ikastolas), Biscay (22), Gipuzkoa
(30), Navarre (15) and Iparralde (25). 307. The ikastolas and their educational and organisational methods
have received numerous awards. 307. In 2006, the Gipuzkoan
Federation won the ESU President's Award 2006 for innovation in
the use of new technologies for teaching and learning English for its
CD-Rom Space Search, which was presented by the Duke of
Edinburgh at Buckingham Palace. 308. In Navarre, schools required to speak only in Spanish until the
mid-1960s, when groups of parents opened the first ikastolas. In
Pamplona, the first was Nuestra Señora de Ujué in 1965, run by the
Asociación de Amigos del País. It was followed by San Fermín and
Paz de Ziganda (1970). Other ikastolas dating from the same period
include Leitza (1967), Olazti (1969) and Etxarri, Tafalla, Estella-
Lizarra, Baztan and Lekunberri (1970). 309. Without being included in the public network, in Navarre
there are now 15 approved ikastolas, which account for around
27% of students studying in Basque. The approved ikastolas of
Tudela, Lumbier, Viana, Lodosa and Sangüesa are located in an area
of southern Navarre which is classified as non Basque-speaking,
and provide schooling in Basque to several hundred students. 310. In 1969 the first ikastola in the Northern Basque Country was
opened in Arrangoitz, soon followed by others in Bayonne and
Donibane Lohizune (Saint-Jean-de-Luz). The next year, further ikastolas
were opened in Donibane Garazi (Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port),
Senpere and Hendaia. Seaska, the association of ikastolas of the
Northern Basque Country, was also founded in 1969. 311. In both the Basque Autonomous Community and in France
there are approved Basque-language schools associated with the
Catholic church, such as Kristau Eskolak and Euskal Haziak (bilingual). 312. The ikastolas of the Northern Basque Country were first recognised
by the French Ministry of Education in 1983, after years of
insistence, and teachers at the ikastolas are currently employed by
the ministry. In 2010, 2,700 pupils were studying at the 29 ikastolas
in Seaska. 313. In the Northern Basque Country, students enrolled in Basquelanguage
education in 2006 accounted for 15.9% of the total. There
has recently been a significant increase in enrolments in bilingual
models, and the proportion of primary pupils studying in Basque has
grown. It is worth recalling that the Basque language has no official
status in France, and that education in Basque is given only in the
ikastolas, bilingual public schools and a few Catholic schools.